![]() ![]() This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the current state of nucleic acid-based anti-tumor therapeutics, and associated optimization strategies. In this regard, nucleic acid-based immunotherapeutic approaches have received growing interest. Nanotechnology-based strategies, and in particular therapeutic nucleic acids, as well as combined immunotherapies may improve the therapeutic outcome in more patients for a broad range of tumors, even in late stage. However, still only a limited number of patients respond to the already approved immunotherapies, and toxicity as well as induction of resistance towards treatment are often a problem. As a consequence of a better understanding of the tumor as a heterogeneous tissue with different types of cells, new strategies for cancer therapy have been developed, which are also applicable in combination with classical therapies. In the last 20–30 years, however, cancer treatment regimens have changed remarkably, based on the gained knowledge about molecular biology as well as tumor pathobiology and pathophysiology. Moreover, the patients often suffer from severe side-effects. The main reasons for therapy failure are chemoresistance as well as metastasis. Conventional treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation) are often inefficient, resulting in recurrence and even death. Depending on the tumor type, stage, and location, cancer therapy can be very challenging. ![]() Aside from further improvements of individual nucleic acid-based drugs, the major perspective for successful cancer therapy will be combination treatments employing conventional regimens as well as immunotherapeutics like checkpoint inhibitors and nucleic acid-based drugs, each acting on several levels to adequately counter-act tumor immune evasion.Ĭancer is a serious and life-threatening disease with increasing incidence in today’s world. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the therapeutic use of nucleic acids for cancer treatment on various levels, comprising (i) mRNA and DNA-based vaccines to be expressed by antigen presenting cells evoking sustained anti-tumor T cell responses, (ii) molecular adjuvants, (iii) strategies to inhibit/reprogram tumor-induced regulatory immune cells e.g., by RNA interference (RNAi), (iv) genetically tailored T cells and natural killer cells to directly recognize tumor antigens, and (v) killing of tumor cells, and reprograming of constituents of the tumor microenvironment by gene transfer and RNAi. Furthermore, especially in the context of the development of biocompatible, cell type targeting nano-carriers, nucleic acid-based drugs aimed to initiate and to enhance anti-tumor responses have come of age. ![]() ![]() Born in 1996 in Croatia, she was only 25 years old when she first starred nude in an erotic photo shoot, and before that Amaya hid her sexy body from us! Tall (her height is almost 6ft) and slender Amaya shows her small tits and juicy pussy taking unusual and seductive poses.Within the last decade, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors proposed to boost the patients’ anti-tumor immune response has proven the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches for tumor therapy. The Fappening photos of an interesting beauty from Croatia, adult model Amaya nude. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |